Niger delta amnesty not sustainable minister track news. The niger delta is the delta of the niger river sitting directly on the gulf of guinea on the atlantic ocean in nigeria. Audrey gaughran, amnesty international nigeria help stop the tragedy in the niger delta in 2008, life became very difficult in bodo. The oil company operating in ogoniland was the shell petroleum development company. The current conflict in the niger delta first arose in the early 1990s over tensions between foreign oil corporations and a number of the niger delta s minority ethnic groups who feel they are being exploited, particularly the ogoni and the ijaw. Urhobo culture and the amnesty program in niger delta. A cohort of 20 exmilitants from the urhobo speaking tribe within the nigerdelta region of nigeria that were enrolled in the amnesty program was used for this study. An examination of the constitutionality of the amnesty. In july, people, including two niger nationals and 11 nigerian nationals, were killed by niger soldiers in a village near abada on the nigeria border, when they were mistaken for members of an armed group. Niger delta amnesty programme august 31, 2015 pls let us know your school or camp when you get your payment so we can identify those that are yet to receive. A fragile environment does not like asymmetry, it likes more of a symmetrical response. The amnesty deal is a desperate effort by the nigeria state to end the niger delta crisis, and thereby restore some dignity and. This study, through extensive field work interrogates the amnesty programme in the niger delta, and demonstrates how amnesty has impacted on peace. Amnesty international has asked shell to provide information regarding any maintenance of pipelines and infrastructure in bodo, but shell did not respond on this point.
The amnesty programme of the niger delta therefore, entails for the militants a state pardon for their various offences and consequently, freedom from punishment. The purpose of this article is to appraise the federal governments amnesty programme in the nigerdelta. Whereas the government of the federal republic of nigeria acknowledges. The niger delta militants disposition against the federal government of nigeria and the oil firms coupled with international pressures, compelled the federal government to grant amnesty to the niger delta militants. The main focus has been on shell as the largest company operating on land in nigeria. Niger delta, was to ascertain how the implementation of the presidential amnesty programme pap which had been introduced by. Pdf the federal governments amnesty programme in the. In 1993 shell withdrew from ogoniland in the face of local. The armed conflict between militias and government forces in nigerias niger delta region has spanned for more than two decades, defying all solutions. However, the niger delta now appears rather peaceful as there is relative peace in the oil rich region. The niger delta crisis has been a major threat to both socioeconomic activities in the niger delta region of nigeria.
Jun 24, 2009 yaradua niger delta amnesty proclamation pursuant to section 175 of the constitution of the federal republic of nigeria. Negligence in the niger delta amnesty international canada. This policy option should be replicated as a template in locations were political instability is a threat to economic development. Delta and thereafter offered amnesty programme to the militants in the niger delta with a view to reducing the unrest in the region and accelerating economic development in nigeria.
Rather, you use the amnesty to create an asymmetrical environment. Amnesty international is calling for shell oil to clean up its mess in the niger delta, and to take responsibility for its role in the executions of nine ogoni men who opposed. An amnesty offered to militants in the niger delta in 2009 was intended to end fighting, oil theft and other disruption in the region. Committee on amnesty and disarmament of militants in the nigerdelta was mandated to. Yaradua niger delta amnesty proclamation sahara reporters. Community investment deployment strategies and resistance of. Niger delta, armed conflict, amnesty, disarmament, demobilisation and reintegration, multilayered causes introduction since the end of the second world war, the incidence of intrastate armed conflict1 internal conflicts fought between a government and a nonstate group has increased in. It is however more widespread in the niger delta region. As a result of the violence and instability, the production and export of oil from the niger delta region decreased sharply after 2006.
Specifically, the article seeks to determine the extent to which the amnesty programme. How amnesty efforts in the niger delta triggered new violence. The amnesty officially resulted in the demobilisation of. Niger delta armed conflict and the ddr process of the. The amnesty deal is a desperate effort by the nigerian state to end the niger delta crisis, and thereby restore some dignity and pride to itself. The amnesty is very clear, but it cannot be a solution to the state of insecurity in the niger delta. The rank and file of the exmilitants were pleased with their n65, 000. Niger delta, amnesty program, ddr, conflict, criminology, social sciences, violence.
Aug 06, 2009 an amnesty deal by the nigerian government for militants in the niger delta aimed at reducing unrest in the oilrich region came into effect today. The ndap however was not intended to be the ultimate solution to the niger delta problem but only a prompter to the wide field of stakeholders to do the needful in their individual and collective. Government of nigeria proclaimed an amnesty and implemented a. An examination of the constitutionality of the amnesty programme in the niger delta region of the federal republic of nigeria j. Presidential amnesty programme and the niger delta warlords. It has stoked ethnic clashes and simmering unrest in the niger delta region of nigeria. Afr 4402820 amnesty international november 20 7 the proportion of oil spilt due to sabotage, theft, corrosion or any other cause. First, although the niger delta desperately needs additional security, any military response must be careful and measured. There is no gainsaying that the coming on stream of the presidential amnesty programme greatly reduced the uncertainty and danger in doing business in the niger delta, which hosts the oil and gas. May 08, 20 in 2009, the government of president umar yaradua granted amnesty to militants in the niger delta region who were waging an oil war with the government demanding the development of the region. Oil in the niger delta amnesty international canada.
It is the result of hundreds of hours of work by more than 3,500 amnesty international supporters and activists, based in 142 different countries. Crisis in the niger delta 2 amnesty the one concrete action the federal government has taken is to introduce an amnesty for militants who turn in their weapons and commit to abandoning violence. Impacts of the niger delta amnesty program implementation on nigerias. Latest niger delta news and niger delta amnesty news. Poor communitycompany relations in the niger delta hadrawn ve attention to the practice of corporate social responsibility csr in the region. Negligence in the niger delta amnesty international. The niger delta is the honey land of nigeria where the honey has continually been milked and the bees left to sting the indigenes. President goodluck jonathan named the strife in the niger delta as one of his administra tions three top priorities. Nigeria begins amnesty for niger delta militants world. They took part in decode oil spills, a groundbreaking online project for crowdsourcing research.
Urhobo culture and the amnesty program in niger delta, nigeria. Amnesty, development, fragility, militancy, niger delta. Amnesty, illegal bunkering, niger delta, nigeria, oil theft i. The general aim of the research project, the post amnesty conflict. An appraisal ed various forms of incessant andor sporadic ethnoreligious conflicts or what the freedom house calls simmering tensions among the countrys about 350 ethnic groups, as well as between religious communities. Implications for peace and security in the niger delta introduction in 2009, after over three years of intensive militancy activities that saw the nations. Criminal activity by local people, including sabotage, theft and illegal refining of oil, have become increasingly serious problems in the niger delta, and contribute to. Tam davidwests recent interview, i was left with no other option but to. The data analysis technique utilized in this study is content analysis of data. The policy provided presidential pardon for all militants who renounce violence and surrender to government forces within 60 days of the amnesty proclamation. Introduction the niger delta accounts for over 80% of nigerias oil production with over 600 oil fields, 5,284 oil wells, 10 oil and gas export terminals, 275 flow stations 10 gas plants, and massive liquefied natural gas and is. Kidnapping in pre and postamnesty niger delta, nigeria.
Lecturer in the department of jurisprudence and international law, university of ilorin, nigeria and onetime special. Those hopes havent been realized, and the fragile peace is. Recommend policy options to promote effective monitoring of. Niger delta, was to ascertain how the implementation of the. Oil in the niger delta hundreds of oil spills occur in the niger delta every year, undermining peoples rights to clean water and food, and putting their health at risk. Based on the existing evidence corrosion and operational failures remain a significant cause of oil spills. In 2009, the nigerian government under late president umaru musa yaradua established the niger delta amnesty program ndap, which is nigerias version of ddr, in an effort to mitigate the violence that had racked the region since the early 2000s. A disarmament, demobilization, and reintegration ddr program was established in august 2009 in. Nigeria begins amnesty for niger delta militants world news. An amnesty deal by the nigerian government for militants in the niger delta aimed at reducing unrest in the oilrich region came into effect today.
Amnesty is urging the uk, nigeria and the netherlands to consider a criminal case against shell in light of. As part of a larger project titled amnesty for peace in the niger delta region of nigeria indepth interviews with youths, leaders, community members, elders and relatives of exmilitants were carried out. The post amnesty programme in the niger delta 19 reintegration of exmilitants in the niger delta 21 immediate outcomes of the ddr programme 22 new threats in the niger delta 25 reasons for renewed instability 25 the response of nigerias government to renewed instability 27 continuous threat of instability in the niger delta 28. Shells growing liabilities in the niger delta lessons from the bodo court case. Pdf niger delta crisis and amnesty programme implementation. This recommendation was made alongside various other recommendations in the niger delta technical. The federal governments amnesty programme in the nigerdelta. This work examines the governments amnesty programme and other strategies adopted in the niger delta since 1958 as a conflict management mechanism to tackle the conflict in the region and how to sustain the amnesty induced peace. One of the key recommendations of the leedum mittee technical committee report was the declaration of amnesty for all niger delta militants7. Nov 28, 2017 niger delta oil spill cleanup launched but could take quarter of a century. Tobor dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of doctor of philosophy public policy and administration walden university september 2014. Activists decry slow cleanup in niger delta al jazeera america. Conflict in the niger delta united states institute of peace.
Of political science and public administration university of uyo, p. Aug 04, 2014 activists decry slow cleanup in niger delta august 4, 2014 1. Expectations and the administrative systems, niger delta david ogula apollos university, huntington beach, ca, usa. This is as a result of the daily increase in oil production aghedo, 20. Niger delta province, nigeria, cameroon, and equatorial guinea, africa by michele l.
Specifically, this study intends to achieve the following objectives. This study therefore investigates the nature and character of the amnesty deal. In view of this, the study examines the link between oil politics and implementation of the amnesty programme in niger delta between 2009. Pdf the federal governments amnesty programme in the niger. Since 2014 eni has reported 820 spills in the niger delta, with 26,286 barrels or 4. Edo finetunes strategies for sustainable oil palm sector, revamp of forest belt the edo state government has said that it is strengthening partnerships to engender a sustainable oil palm sector and safeguard its forest belt so. The study seeks to capture the impact and challenges of the six year old amnesty programme in postconflict niger delta region. In 2009, the government of president umar yaradua granted amnesty to militants in the niger delta region who were waging an oil war with the government demanding the. The federal governments amnesty programme in the niger delta. The unbridled exploration for oil by multinationals, and neglect by the government has led to the conflict becoming intractable. Exclusion and peacebuilding in the niger delta of nigeria. Amnesty international has drawn attention to the lack of action on the part of oil companies to prevent the spills from happening, clean up pollution, or compensate those affected. Negligence in the niger delta amnesty international usa. The amnesty programme was set up to put an end to this.
Despite the existence of a sizeable theoretical and empirical literature, no firm. The amnesty officially resulted in the demobilisation of 30,000 militants, paying them allowances and providing training for a smaller number. The federal governments amnesty programme in the niger. This brief examines the niger delta amnesty declared in june 2009, from the perspective of its achievements, limitations and risks. Pdf the armed conflict between militias and government forces in nigerias niger delta region has spanned for more than two decades, defying all. The presidential amnesty programme commenced on thursday, july 11, 2009 when a proclamation of amnesty for niger delta militant who had engaged in the armed struggle for a better deal in the nations oil gains. Consequently, after the post amnesty period, the programme has brought some economic benefits to the nation. The niger delta pre amnesty situation militant activities in the niger delta region of nigeria began as a protest against environmental damages to the fragile fishing and agricultural communities of the niger delta. Fisherman from bodo, nigeria, may 2011 in the niger delta region of nigeria, oil. The niger delta issue has become a perennial crisis, first because of the. The niger delta region of nigeria, quite synonymous with the southsouth geo political zone, occupies the midsouthern and southeastern flank. The amnesty is now six years since it implementation however, this study seeks to capture the impact and challenges of the amnesty programme in post conflict niger delta. The nigerian military is a traditionally trained force that struggles with counterinsurgency operations. The human development situation in the niger delta poverty in the niger delta the revenue base of human development governance and poverty the challenges of attaining the mdgs assessing progress the human development indices the hdi for the niger delta region the hp11 for the niger delta region.
To examine the conflict potential of the gmou through. The niger delta region has suffered neglect from successive governments. Kidnapping in pre and post amnesty niger delta, nigeria owonikoko babajide saheed, phd centre for peace and security studies modibbo adama university of technology, yola, adamawa state abstract the phenomenon of kidnapping is on the increase on daily basis in nigeria. Transcription can be manual, or the researchers can leverage the power of computer. Since the 1960s, transnational oil corporations operating in the niger delta have. Remembering the 2009 amnesty for niger delta militants youtube. Amnesty program ndap, which is nigerias version of. The amnesty question in post conflict niger delta and peacebuilding ekumaoko, chijioke egwu abstract. Mar 20, 2018 an amnesty offered to militants in the niger delta in 2009 was intended to end fighting, oil theft and other disruption in the region. The purpose of this article is to appraise the federal governments amnesty programme in the niger delta. Prior to the introduction of the pap, the niger delta area of nigeria had been the. To examine if the gmou framework has contributed to the reduction or increase in cases of community resistance to cnl and spdc operations in gmou clusters across the niger delta region. It is typically considered to be located within nine coastal southern nigerian states, which include. Data gathered by amnesty internationals decoders reveals the extraordinary scale of oil pollution in the niger delta, and the high frequency of spills.
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